Birobidzhan: Article 65 of the Constitution of Russia provides that the JAO (Jewish Autonomous Oblast) is Russia's only autonomous oblast. It is one of two official Jewish jurisdictions in the world, the other being Israel. The Jewish communists believed that the Soviet Union's creation of Birobidzhan was the "only true and sensible solution to the national question." The Soviet government used the slogan "To the Jewish Homeland!" to encourage Jewish workers to move to Birobidzhan. its official language is Yiddish. Jews were once again targeted in the wake of World War II when Joseph Stalin embarked on a campaign against ″rootless cosmopolitans″