Wow, that was heavy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Weininger#Weininger_and_the_Nazis Isolated parts of Weininger's writings were used by Nazi propaganda, despite the fact that Weininger actively argued against the ideas of race that came to be identified with the Nazis. In his private conversations, Hitler recalled a remark his mentor Dietrich Eckart made about Weininger: "I only knew one decent Jew and he committed suicide on the day when he realized that the Jew lives upon the decay of peoples...".[21] In the chapter titled "Judaism" in his book Sex and Character[22] Weininger writes: The Jewish race has been chosen by me as a subject of discussion, because, as will be shown, it presents the gravest and most formidable difficulties for my views. I must, however, make clear what I mean by Judaism; I mean neither a race nor a people nor a recognised creed. I think of it as a tendency of the mind, as a psychological constitution which is a possibility for all mankind, but which has become actual in the most conspicuous fashion only amongst the Jews. Antisemitism itself will confirm my point of view. ... **Thus the fact is explained that the bitterest Antisemites are to be found amongst the Jews themselves.** The true concept of the State is foreign to the Jew, because he, like the woman, is wanting in personality; his failure to grasp the idea of true society is due to his lack of free intelligible ego. Like women, **Jews tend to adhere together, but they do not associate as free independent individuals mutually respecting each other's individuality.** As there is no real dignity in women, so what is meant by the word "gentleman" does not exist amongst the Jews. The genuine Jew fails in this innate good breeding by which alone individuals honour their own individuality and respect that of others. There is no Jewish nobility, and this is the more surprising as Jewish pedigrees can be traced back for thousands of years. The familiar Jewish arrogance has a similar explanation... Later in the same chapter he writes: The faults of the Jewish race have often been attributed to the repression of that race by Aryans, and many Christians are still disposed to blame themselves in this respect. But the self-reproach is not justified. **Outward circumstances do not mould a race in one direction, unless there is in the race the innate tendency to respond to the moulding forces; the total result comes at least as much from a natural disposition as from the modifying circumstances.** The Jew is not really anti-moral. But, none the less, he does not represent the highest ethical type. **He is rather non-moral, neither good nor bad.** So also in the case of the woman... ...In the Jew and the woman, good and evil are not distinct from one another. Jews, then, do not live as free, self-governing individuals, choosing between virtue and vice in the Aryan fashion... Accordingly, Weininger's views are considered an important step in attempts to exclude women and Jews from society based on methodical philosophy, in an era declaring human equality and scientific thought.[23] In her book Nazi Ideology Prior to 1933, Barbara Miller Lane shows how Nazi ideologists such as Dietrich Eckart disregarded Weininger's distancing of himself from accusations against individual Jews, and instead simply stated that Jews, like women, **lacked a soul and a belief in immortality**, and that "Aryans" must guard themselves from "Jewishness" within, since this internal "Jewishness" is the source of evil.[24] https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/pharisees-sadducees-and-essenes